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Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite : ウィキペディア英語版
Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity

Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity, or SMOS, is a satellite which forms part of ESA's Living Planet Programme. It is intended to provide new insights into Earth's water cycle and climate. In addition, it is intended to provide improved weather forecasting and monitoring of snow and ice accumulation.〔(ESA's water mission SMOS ) European Space Agency〕〔SMOS Project Team, (The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Mission ) European Space Agency〕〔SMOS Special Issue of ESA Bulletin (ESA Bulletin ) Special Issue 137, February 2009〕〔''SMOS: The Challenging Sea Surface Salinity Measurement from Space'', J. Font, A. Camps, A. Borges, M. Martin-Neira, J. Boutin, N. Reul, Y. Kerr, A. Hahne and S. Mecklenburg, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 98, no. 5, May 2010, pp. 649-665〕
==History==
The project was proposed in November 1998; in 2004 the project passed ESA-phase "C/D" and,〔(The Living Planet Program Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (MIRAS on RAMSES) ) Mission SMOS at Centre d'Etudes Spatailes de la BIOsphere (CESBIO)〕 after several delays, it was launched on 2 November 2009 from Plesetsk Cosmodrome on a Rockot rocket. The first data from the MIRAS (Microwave Imaging Radiometer using Aperture Synthesis) instrument was received on 20 November 2009. The SMOS programme cost is about €315 million ($465 million; £280 million). It is led by ESA but with significant input from French and Spanish interests.〔
The satellite is part of ESA's Earth Explorer programme – eight spacecraft that will do innovative science in obtaining data on issues of pressing environmental concern. The first is already in orbit – a mission called GOCE, which is mapping variations in the pull of gravity across the Earth's surface. SMOS is the second Explorer to launch; and a third spacecraft, known as CryoSat-2 (the first CryoSat failed on launch), was launched on 8 April 2010. CryoSat will assess the state of the world's ice cover.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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